The investments in this plan will be distributed as follows: 780 million euros for quantum computers alone, 320 for communications, 250 for sensors, 300 for enabling technologies such as cryogenics, electronics, lasers and materials, and 150 for so-called post-quantum cryptography. In this context, the National Strategy represents "the key to being at least among the top three in the world", stated Emmanuel Macron during the announcement of this public-private investment plan which, over five years, should serve as a lever in the structuring of the French quantum ecosystem. But also a handful of leading industrial groups (Atos, Thalès, Orange, Air Liquide, etc.) that have begun to mobilise, and a network of innovative start-ups including Pasqal, Alice & Bob, C12 Quantum Electronics, Quandela, and Qubit Pharmaceuticals. Making France a heavyweight in quantum technologiesįor its part, France has some magnificent assets, starting with fundamental research laboratories at the highest world level, from which several Nobel Prize winners in physics have emerged. But it is clear that it is now the quantum computer as such that is being targeted, just as it is the objective of all the major powers, led by the United States and China. Admittedly, their sensational announcements about claimed quantum advantage are the subject of intense debate among specialists. In recent years, it has even taken a decisive turn with the entry of the digital giants into the fray.
In short, the quantum revolution is underway. Finally, by managing to distribute quantum-entangled systems over very long distances, either by satellite or by optical fibre, they are laying the foundations for communications that are impossible to intercept by any eavesdropper. various physical systems that are putative candidates for qubit status are being implemented in laboratories, right up to the experimental realisation of simple logical operations on 'mini quantum computers'.Īs they gradually learn to manipulate microscopic objects whose properties are extremely sensitive to their environment, physicists realise that their research into quantum computing opens up unsuspected avenues for designing ultra-sensitive sensors. In parallel, molecules in the liquid phase, ions trapped by laser beams, impurities in solids, superconducting circuits. But as the years went on, several researchers have formally demonstrated the computational performance that such a computer would actually possess.
The key to this was the possibility of massively parallel calculations, which would relegate, at least in principle, the most powerful computers of today to the rank of a simple calculator for solving a host of problems.Īt first, this was just intuition. Whereas in a classical computer, the units of information, the bits, take the values 0 or 1, he imagined a processor in which quantum corpuscles would play the role of 'qubit' capable of encoding both the values 0 and 1.
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In the 1980s, the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman was the first to imagine how to take advantage of these disconcerting properties. Within the microscopic universe, a particle, an atom or a grain of light can indeed be in several states or locations at the same time, but also compose so-called entangled objects, both composite and yet irreducible. The quantum computer: a physicist's dream come trueĪt the root of this revolution are the counterintuitive laws of quantum mechanics. LNE and its partners are a key player in this plan. With a budget of €1.8 billion, the aim of this plan is to set up an ecosystem capable of propelling France into the top tier of nations mastering these technologies. On 21 January, President Macron presented the National Strategy on Quantum Technologies.
Based on the exploitation of the laws of the infinitely small, they are beginning to spread outside the laboratories and now represent a crucial issue of sovereignty and competitiveness for all the major scientific and technical nations. These are the promises of quantum technologies.
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Computers so powerful that they would be able to predict in a few minutes the ideal conformation of a therapeutic molecule, the composition of a CO2-capturing material or to optimise motorway traffic on a territory communication networks that are inviolable and at the same time the possibility of breaking any 'adversary' cryptographic code ultra-sensitive sensors capable of anticipating from space the occurrence of floods, droughts or earthquakes.
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